.astro-route-announcer{clip:rect(0 0 0 0);clip-path:inset(50%);white-space:nowrap;width:1px;height:1px;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;overflow:hidden}@font-face{font-family:Fraunces;font-style:normal;font-weight:400 900;font-display:swap;src:url(/fonts/Fraunces-400_900.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(/fonts/IBMPlexMono-400.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:IBM Plex Mono;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(/fonts/IBMPlexMono-600.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Spectral;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;font-display:swap;src:url(/fonts/Spectral-300.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Spectral;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;font-display:swap;src:url(/fonts/Spectral-400.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-family:Spectral;font-style:normal;font-weight:600;font-display:swap;src:url(/fonts/Spectral-600.woff2)format("woff2")}:root{--paper:#f3eee2;--paper-2:#faf7ef;--ink:#211e1a;--muted:#6b6053;--line:#d9cfbb;--line-2:#c8bca3;--green:#15614e;--green-soft:#e3ede7;--blue:#2d5d7c;--blue-soft:#dfeaf0;--gold:#865f1a;--gold-soft:#f3e7c9;--ox:#9c3b2e;--ox-soft:#f1ddd6;--purple:#5e2d8c;--purple-soft:#ede0f5;--fig-ink:#0b0b0b;--fig-muted:#52514e;--fig-grid:#e8e7e3;--fig-blue:#2d5d7c;--fig-ox:#9c3b2e;--fig-green:#15614e;--fig-gold:#865f1a;--display:"Fraunces", Georgia, serif;--body:"Spectral", Georgia, serif;--mono:"IBM Plex Mono", ui-monospace, monospace;--measure:68ch;--d-paper:#1a1815;--d-paper-2:#221f1b;--d-ink:#ede7da;--d-muted:#a89e8d;--d-line:#3a352d;--d-line-2:#4d463b;--d-green:#5fbfa3;--d-green-soft:#1c2f29;--d-blue:#7fb4d4;--d-blue-soft:#1b2831;--d-gold:#d9a84e;--d-gold-soft:#2e2617;--d-ox:#d98570;--d-ox-soft:#2f1f1a;--d-purple:#b98fd9;--d-purple-soft:#261c2f;--d-fig-ink:#ede7da;--d-fig-muted:#a89e8d;--d-fig-grid:#3a352d;--d-fig-blue:#7fb4d4;--d-fig-ox:#db8c78;--d-fig-green:#5fbfa3;--d-fig-gold:#d9a84e}:root[data-theme=dark]{color-scheme:dark;--paper:var(--d-paper);--paper-2:var(--d-paper-2);--ink:var(--d-ink);--muted:var(--d-muted);--line:var(--d-line);--line-2:var(--d-line-2);--green:var(--d-green);--green-soft:var(--d-green-soft);--blue:var(--d-blue);--blue-soft:var(--d-blue-soft);--gold:var(--d-gold);--gold-soft:var(--d-gold-soft);--ox:var(--d-ox);--ox-soft:var(--d-ox-soft);--purple:var(--d-purple);--purple-soft:var(--d-purple-soft);--fig-ink:var(--d-fig-ink);--fig-muted:var(--d-fig-muted);--fig-grid:var(--d-fig-grid);--fig-blue:var(--d-fig-blue);--fig-ox:var(--d-fig-ox);--fig-green:var(--d-fig-green);--fig-gold:var(--d-fig-gold)}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){:root:not([data-theme=light]){color-scheme:dark;--paper:var(--d-paper);--paper-2:var(--d-paper-2);--ink:var(--d-ink);--muted:var(--d-muted);--line:var(--d-line);--line-2:var(--d-line-2);--green:var(--d-green);--green-soft:var(--d-green-soft);--blue:var(--d-blue);--blue-soft:var(--d-blue-soft);--gold:var(--d-gold);--gold-soft:var(--d-gold-soft);--ox:var(--d-ox);--ox-soft:var(--d-ox-soft);--purple:var(--d-purple);--purple-soft:var(--d-purple-soft);--fig-ink:var(--d-fig-ink);--fig-muted:var(--d-fig-muted);--fig-grid:var(--d-fig-grid);--fig-blue:var(--d-fig-blue);--fig-ox:var(--d-fig-ox);--fig-green:var(--d-fig-green);--fig-gold:var(--d-fig-gold)}}*,:before,:after{box-sizing:border-box}html{scroll-behavior:smooth}body{background:var(--paper);color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--body);-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;background-image:radial-gradient(circle at 1px 1px, rgb(from var(--ink) r g b / 4%) 1px, transparent 0);background-size:22px 22px;margin:0;font-size:18px;line-height:1.7}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){html{scroll-behavior:auto}::view-transition-group(*),::view-transition-old(*),::view-transition-new(*){animation:none!important}}h1,h2,h3{font-family:var(--display);letter-spacing:-.015em;text-wrap:balance;line-height:1.06}h1{margin:0 0 12px;font-size:clamp(32px,5vw,52px);font-weight:900}h2{margin:52px 0 10px;font-size:clamp(24px,3.2vw,34px);font-weight:900}h3{margin:38px 0 8px;font-size:23px;font-weight:600}h4{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--green);margin:30px 0 6px;font-size:12.5px;font-weight:600}p,ul,ol{max-width:var(--measure)}a{color:var(--green);text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:var(--line-2);text-underline-offset:3px}a:hover{text-decoration-color:currentColor}code{font-family:var(--mono);background:var(--paper-2);border:1px solid var(--line);overflow-wrap:break-word;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 6px;font-size:.86em}pre{background:var(--paper-2);border:1px solid var(--line);border-radius:8px;padding:16px 18px;overflow-x:auto}pre code{background:0 0;border:none;padding:0}img{max-width:100%;height:auto}table{border-collapse:collapse;width:100%;font-size:.94em}.table-wrap{overflow-x:auto}th,td{border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);text-align:left;padding:8px 10px}th{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);font-size:11px}.callout{max-width:var(--measure);border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper-2);border-radius:10px;margin:26px 0;padding:18px 22px}.callout-label{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;margin:0 0 8px;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:600}.callout>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.callout-plain{background:var(--green-soft);border-color:var(--green)}.callout-plain .callout-label{color:var(--green)}.callout-analogy{background:var(--blue-soft);border-color:var(--blue)}.callout-analogy .callout-label{color:var(--blue)}.callout-example{background:var(--gold-soft);border-color:var(--gold)}.callout-example .callout-label{color:var(--gold)}.callout-gotcha{background:var(--ox-soft);border-color:var(--ox)}.callout-gotcha .callout-label{color:var(--ox)}.callout-term{background:var(--purple-soft);border-color:var(--purple)}.callout-term .callout-label{color:var(--purple)}.callout-history{border:none;border-left:2px solid var(--line-2);color:var(--muted);background:0 0;border-radius:0;padding:2px 0 2px 18px;font-size:.96em;position:relative}.callout-history:before{content:attr(data-year);font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:2px;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:600;display:block}.callout-history .callout-label{color:var(--muted)}.callout-asof{border:none;border-left:2px solid var(--gold);background:0 0;border-radius:0;padding:2px 0 2px 18px;font-size:.96em;position:relative}.callout-asof:before{content:attr(data-date);font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.14em;color:var(--gold);margin-bottom:2px;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:600;display:block}.callout-asof .callout-label{color:var(--muted)}.figure{max-width:min(100%, max(var(--measure), var(--fig-legible,0px)));margin:30px 0}.figure svg{width:100%;max-width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.figure-pane{overscroll-behavior-x:contain;overflow-x:auto}.figure-pane,.filmstrip-frames{background:linear-gradient(var(--paper), var(--paper)) 0 0 / 14px 100% no-repeat local, linear-gradient(var(--paper), var(--paper)) 100% 0 / 14px 100% no-repeat local, radial-gradient(farthest-side at 0 50%, rgb(from var(--ink) r g b / 22%), rgb(from var(--ink) r g b / 0)) 0 0 / 14px 100% no-repeat scroll, radial-gradient(farthest-side at 100% 50%, rgb(from var(--ink) r g b / 22%), rgb(from var(--ink) r g b / 0)) 100% 0 / 14px 100% no-repeat scroll}.figure-pane:focus-visible,.filmstrip-frames:focus-visible{outline-offset:-2px}.figure-pane svg{min-width:var(--fig-legible,0px);max-width:none}@media (width<=900px){.figure{max-width:none;margin-left:calc(-1 * var(--lesson-gutter,20px));margin-right:calc(-1 * var(--lesson-gutter,20px))}.figure-pane,.figure figcaption,.figure-pan{padding:0 12px}}.figure-pan{display:none}@media (width<=560px){.figure-pan{font-family:var(--mono);color:var(--gold);margin:4px 0 0;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.5;display:block}}.svg-disp{font-family:var(--display)}.svg-mono{font-family:var(--mono)}.figure figcaption{font-family:var(--mono);color:var(--muted);margin-top:8px;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.5}.results{margin:30px 0}.results-meta{font-family:var(--mono);color:var(--muted);margin-top:10px;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.5}.results-caption,.results-protocol{max-width:var(--measure);margin:0}.results-protocol{letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--ink);margin-top:4px;font-size:10.5px}.mark{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap;font-size:11px;font-style:normal}.mark-pass{color:var(--green)}.mark-fail{color:var(--ox)}.filmstrip{margin:30px 0}.filmstrip-frames{scroll-snap-type:x proximity;gap:10px;max-width:none;margin:0;padding:0 0 6px;list-style:none;display:flex;overflow-x:auto}.filmstrip-frame{scroll-snap-align:start;flex:1 1 0;min-width:150px}.filmstrip-frame img{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper-2);border-radius:6px;width:100%;height:auto;display:block}.filmstrip-label{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;color:var(--muted);margin-top:5px;font-size:10px;display:block}.filmstrip figcaption{font-family:var(--mono);color:var(--muted);max-width:var(--measure);margin-top:8px;font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.5}.widget{border:1px solid var(--line);background:var(--paper-2);max-width:var(--measure);border-radius:10px;margin:28px 0;padding:16px}.widget input[type=range]{min-height:24px}.pid-plot{width:100%;height:auto;font-family:var(--mono);display:block}.pid-controls{margin-top:10px}.pid-row{grid-template-columns:34px 1fr 54px;align-items:center;gap:10px;margin:6px 0;display:grid}.pid-key,.pid-row output,.pid-readout{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em;color:var(--muted);font-size:11px}.pid-row output{text-align:right;color:var(--ink)}.pid-row input[type=range]{width:100%;accent-color:var(--blue)}.pid-readout{text-transform:uppercase;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;gap:8px;margin:12px 0 0;display:flex}.pid-readout b{color:var(--ink);font-size:13px}.pid-readout button{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);border:1px solid var(--line-2);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border-radius:999px;padding:5px 11px;font-size:10px}.pid-readout button:hover{color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--blue)}.recap{max-width:var(--measure);border-left:2px solid var(--line);margin:22px 0;padding-left:18px}.recap-label{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:0 0 8px;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:600}.recap>p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.recap-audio{width:100%;max-width:420px;margin:0 0 12px;display:block}details{max-width:var(--measure);border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);padding:12px 0}summary{cursor:pointer;font-weight:600}details[open] summary{margin-bottom:10px}.katex-display{max-width:var(--measure);padding:4px 0 10px;overflow:auto hidden}.katex{font-size:1.02em}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_AMS;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_AMS-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Bold.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Caligraphic-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Fraktur-Bold.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Fraktur-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Main-Bold.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Main-BoldItalic.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Main-Italic.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Main-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Math-BoldItalic.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Math-Italic.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_SansSerif-Bold.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_SansSerif-Italic.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_SansSerif-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Script;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Script-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size1;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Size1-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size2;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Size2-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size3;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Size3-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Size4;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Size4-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}@font-face{font-display:block;font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:url(/fonts/katex/KaTeX_Typewriter-Regular.woff2)format("woff2")}.katex{text-indent:0;text-rendering:auto;font:1.21em/1.2 KaTeX_Main,Times New Roman,serif;position:relative}.katex *{border-color:currentColor;-ms-high-contrast-adjust:none!important}.katex .katex-version:after{content:"0.18.3"}.katex .katex-mathml{clip-path:inset(50%);border:0;width:1px;height:1px;padding:0;position:absolute;overflow:hidden}.katex .katex-html>.katex-newline{display:block}.katex .katex-base{white-space:nowrap;width:min-content;position:relative}.katex .katex-base,.katex .katex-strut{display:inline-block}.katex .textbf{font-weight:700}.katex .textit{font-style:italic}.katex .textrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main}.katex .textsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .texttt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathnormal{font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic}.katex .mathit{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:italic}.katex .mathrm{font-style:normal}.katex .mathbf{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-weight:700}.katex .boldsymbol{font-family:KaTeX_Math;font-style:italic;font-weight:700}.katex .amsrm,.katex .mathbb,.katex .textbb{font-family:KaTeX_AMS}.katex .mathcal{font-family:KaTeX_Caligraphic}.katex .mathfrak,.katex .textfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur}.katex .mathboldfrak,.katex .textboldfrak{font-family:KaTeX_Fraktur;font-weight:700}.katex .mathtt{font-family:KaTeX_Typewriter}.katex .mathscr,.katex .textscr{font-family:KaTeX_Script}.katex .mathsf,.katex .textsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif}.katex .mathboldsf,.katex .textboldsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-weight:700}.katex .mathitsf,.katex .mathsfit,.katex .textitsf{font-family:KaTeX_SansSerif;font-style:italic}.katex .mainrm{font-family:KaTeX_Main;font-style:normal}.katex .vlist-t{border-collapse:collapse;table-layout:fixed;display:inline-table}.katex .vlist-r{display:table-row}.katex .vlist{vertical-align:bottom;display:table-cell;position:relative}.katex .vlist>span{height:0;display:block;position:relative}.katex .vlist>span>span{display:inline-block}.katex .vlist>span>.pstrut{width:0;overflow:hidden}.katex .vlist-t2{margin-right:-2px}.katex .vlist-s{vertical-align:bottom;width:2px;min-width:2px;font-size:1px;display:table-cell}.katex .katex-vbox{flex-direction:column;align-items:baseline;display:inline-flex}.katex .katex-thinbox{flex-direction:row;width:0;max-width:0;display:inline-flex}.katex .msupsub{text-align:left}.katex .mfrac>span>span{text-align:center}.katex .mfrac .frac-line{border-bottom-style:solid;width:100%;display:inline-block}.katex .katex-hdashline,.katex .katex-hline,.katex .katex-overline .overline-line,.katex .katex-rule,.katex .katex-underline .underline-line,.katex .mfrac .frac-line{min-height:1px}.katex .mspace{display:inline-block}.katex .katex-smash{line-height:0;display:inline}.katex .clap,.katex .llap,.katex .rlap{width:0;position:relative}.katex .clap>.katex-inner,.katex .llap>.katex-inner,.katex .rlap>.katex-inner{position:absolute}.katex .clap>.katex-fix,.katex .llap>.katex-fix,.katex .rlap>.katex-fix{display:inline-block}.katex .llap>.katex-inner{right:0}.katex .clap>.katex-inner,.katex .rlap>.katex-inner{left:0}.katex .clap>.katex-inner>span{margin-left:-50%;margin-right:50%}.katex .katex-rule{border:0 solid;display:inline-block;position:relative}.katex .katex-hline,.katex .katex-overline .overline-line,.katex .katex-underline .underline-line{border-bottom-style:solid;width:100%;display:inline-block}.katex .katex-hdashline{border-bottom-style:dashed;width:100%;display:inline-block}.katex .sqrt>.katex-root{margin-left:.277778em;margin-right:-.555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size1{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size2{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size3{font-size:1.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size4{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size5{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size6{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size7{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size8{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size9{font-size:3.456em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size10{font-size:4.148em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size1.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size1.size11{font-size:4.976em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size1{font-size:.833333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size2{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size3{font-size:1.16667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size4{font-size:1.33333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size5{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size6{font-size:1.66667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size7{font-size:2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size8{font-size:2.4em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size9{font-size:2.88em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size10{font-size:3.45667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size2.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size2.size11{font-size:4.14667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size1{font-size:.714286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size2{font-size:.857143em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size3{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size4{font-size:1.14286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size5{font-size:1.28571em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size6{font-size:1.42857em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size7{font-size:1.71429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size8{font-size:2.05714em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size9{font-size:2.46857em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size10{font-size:2.96286em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size3.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size3.size11{font-size:3.55429em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size1{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size2{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size3{font-size:.875em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size4{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size5{font-size:1.125em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size6{font-size:1.25em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size7{font-size:1.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size8{font-size:1.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size9{font-size:2.16em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size10{font-size:2.5925em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size4.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size4.size11{font-size:3.11em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size1{font-size:.555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size2{font-size:.666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size3{font-size:.777778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size4{font-size:.888889em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size5{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size6{font-size:1.11111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size7{font-size:1.33333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size8{font-size:1.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size9{font-size:1.92em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size10{font-size:2.30444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size5.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size5.size11{font-size:2.76444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size1{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size2{font-size:.6em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size3{font-size:.7em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size4{font-size:.8em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size5{font-size:.9em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size6{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size7{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size8{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size9{font-size:1.728em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size10{font-size:2.074em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size6.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size6.size11{font-size:2.488em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size1{font-size:.416667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size2{font-size:.5em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size3{font-size:.583333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size4{font-size:.666667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size5{font-size:.75em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size6{font-size:.833333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size7{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size8{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size9{font-size:1.44em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size10{font-size:1.72833em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size7.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size7.size11{font-size:2.07333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size1{font-size:.347222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size2{font-size:.416667em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size3{font-size:.486111em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size4{font-size:.555556em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size5{font-size:.625em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size6{font-size:.694444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size7{font-size:.833333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size8{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size9{font-size:1.2em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size10{font-size:1.44028em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size8.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size8.size11{font-size:1.72778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size1{font-size:.289352em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size2{font-size:.347222em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size3{font-size:.405093em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size4{font-size:.462963em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size5{font-size:.520833em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size6{font-size:.578704em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size7{font-size:.694444em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size8{font-size:.833333em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size9{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size10{font-size:1.20023em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size9.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size9.size11{font-size:1.43981em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size1{font-size:.24108em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size2{font-size:.289296em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size3{font-size:.337512em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size4{font-size:.385728em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size5{font-size:.433944em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size6{font-size:.48216em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size7{font-size:.578592em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size8{font-size:.694311em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size9{font-size:.833173em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size10{font-size:1em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size10.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size10.size11{font-size:1.19961em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size1,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size1{font-size:.200965em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size2,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size2{font-size:.241158em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size3,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size3{font-size:.281351em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size4,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size4{font-size:.321543em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size5,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size5{font-size:.361736em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size6,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size6{font-size:.401929em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size7,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size7{font-size:.482315em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size8,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size8{font-size:.578778em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size9,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size9{font-size:.694534em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size10,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size10{font-size:.833601em}.katex .fontsize-ensurer.reset-size11.size11,.katex .katex-sizing.reset-size11.size11{font-size:1em}.katex .delimsizing.size1{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.size2{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .delimsizing.size3{font-family:KaTeX_Size3}.katex .delimsizing.size4{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size1>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .delimsizing.mult .delim-size4>span{font-family:KaTeX_Size4}.katex .nulldelimiter{width:.12em;display:inline-block}.katex .delimcenter,.katex .op-symbol{position:relative}.katex .op-symbol.small-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size1}.katex .op-symbol.large-op{font-family:KaTeX_Size2}.katex .katex-accent>.vlist-t,.katex .op-limits>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .katex-accent .accent-body{position:relative}.katex .katex-accent .accent-body:not(.accent-full){width:0}.katex .katex-overlay{display:block}.katex .mtable .vertical-separator{min-width:1px;display:inline-block}.katex .mtable .arraycolsep{display:inline-block}.katex .mtable .col-align-c>.vlist-t{text-align:center}.katex .mtable .col-align-l>.vlist-t{text-align:left}.katex .mtable .col-align-r>.vlist-t{text-align:right}.katex .svg-align{text-align:left}.katex svg{fill:currentColor;stroke:currentColor;height:inherit;width:100%;display:block;position:absolute}.katex svg path{stroke:none}.katex svg{fill-rule:nonzero;fill-opacity:1;stroke-width:1px;stroke-linecap:butt;stroke-linejoin:miter;stroke-miterlimit:4;stroke-dasharray:none;stroke-dashoffset:0;stroke-opacity:1}.katex img{border-style:none;min-width:0;max-width:none;min-height:0;max-height:none}.katex .katex-stretchy{width:100%;display:block;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.katex .katex-stretchy:after,.katex .katex-stretchy:before{content:""}.katex .hide-tail{width:100%;position:relative;overflow:hidden}.katex .halfarrow-left{width:50.2%;position:absolute;left:0;overflow:hidden}.katex .halfarrow-right{width:50.2%;position:absolute;right:0;overflow:hidden}.katex .brace-left{width:25.1%;position:absolute;left:0;overflow:hidden}.katex .brace-center{width:50%;position:absolute;left:25%;overflow:hidden}.katex .brace-right{width:25.1%;position:absolute;right:0;overflow:hidden}.katex .x-arrow-pad{padding:0 .5em}.katex .cd-arrow-pad{padding:0 .55556em 0 .27778em}.katex .mover,.katex .munder,.katex .x-arrow{text-align:center}.katex .boxpad{padding:0 .3em}.katex .fbox,.katex .fcolorbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:.04em solid}.katex .cancel-pad{padding:0 .2em}.katex .cancel-lap{margin-left:-.2em;margin-right:-.2em}.katex .katex-sout{border-bottom-style:solid;border-bottom-width:.08em}.katex .angl{box-sizing:border-box;border-top:.049em solid;border-right:.049em solid;margin-right:.03889em}.katex .anglpad{padding:0 .03889em}.katex .eqn-num:before{content:"(" counter(katexEqnNo) ")";counter-increment:katexEqnNo}.katex .mml-eqn-num:before{content:"(" counter(mmlEqnNo) ")";counter-increment:mmlEqnNo}.katex .mtr-glue{width:50%}.katex .cd-vert-arrow{display:inline-block;position:relative}.katex .cd-label-left{text-align:left;display:inline-block;position:absolute;right:calc(50% + .3em)}.katex .cd-label-right{text-align:right;display:inline-block;position:absolute;left:calc(50% + .3em)}.katex-display{text-align:center;margin:1em 0;display:block}.katex-display>.katex{text-align:center;white-space:nowrap;display:block}.katex-display>.katex>.katex-html{display:block;position:relative}.katex-display>.katex>.katex-html>.katex-tag{position:absolute;right:0}.katex-display.leqno>.katex>.katex-html>.katex-tag{left:0;right:auto}.katex-display.fleqn>.katex{text-align:left;padding-left:2em}body{counter-reset:katexEqnNo mmlEqnNo}.skip-link{z-index:300;background:var(--paper-2);color:var(--ink);border:1px solid var(--ink);font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.08em;border-radius:0 0 8px;padding:12px 18px;font-size:12px;text-decoration:none;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;transform:translateY(-120%)}.skip-link:focus-visible{transform:none}:focus-visible{outline:2px solid var(--blue);outline-offset:2px}.ik-target:focus-visible,.cs-handle:focus-visible{outline:none}.progress{background:var(--gold);z-index:200;width:0;height:3px;transition:width .1s linear;position:fixed;top:0;left:0}.layout{grid-template-columns:300px minmax(0,1fr);max-width:1340px;margin:0 auto;display:grid}.toc{border-right:1px solid var(--line);align-self:start;height:100vh;padding:30px 20px 60px 30px;position:sticky;top:0;overflow-y:auto}.toc-head{justify-content:space-between;align-items:flex-start;gap:12px;display:flex}.brand{font-family:var(--display);letter-spacing:-.01em;color:var(--ink);font-size:21px;font-weight:900;line-height:1.1;text-decoration:none}.brand em{color:var(--gold);font-style:italic;font-weight:500}.toc-actions{flex:none;align-items:center;gap:8px;display:flex}.toc-menu{border:1px solid var(--line-2);color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;background:0 0;border-radius:999px;padding:7px 12px;font-size:10px;display:none}.theme-toggle{border:1px solid var(--line-2);color:var(--muted);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border-radius:999px;flex:none;padding:6px 9px;font-size:14px;line-height:1}.theme-toggle:hover{color:var(--ink);border-color:var(--gold)}.toc-meta,.toc-pct{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin:14px 0 0;font-size:10.5px}.toc-pct{color:var(--gold);margin:2px 0 18px}.toc-module{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.13em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--green);margin:22px 0 6px;font-size:10px;font-weight:600}.toc-link{color:var(--muted);border-left:2px solid #0000;padding:5px 20px 5px 12px;font-size:13.5px;line-height:1.35;text-decoration:none;transition:color .18s,border-color .18s;display:block;position:relative}.toc-link:hover{color:var(--ink)}.toc-link.active{color:var(--ink);border-left-color:var(--gold);font-weight:600}.toc-link.done:after{content:"✓";font-family:var(--mono);color:var(--green);font-size:11px;position:absolute;top:5px;right:2px}.lesson{min-width:0;padding:56px clamp(20px,5vw,72px) 120px}.kicker{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.2em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--gold);margin:0 0 14px;font-size:11px}.lede{color:var(--muted);max-width:60ch;margin:0 0 8px;font-size:clamp(18px,2.2vw,21px);font-weight:300;line-height:1.55}.takeaway{max-width:var(--measure);border:1px solid var(--green);background:var(--green-soft);border-radius:10px;margin:56px 0 0;padding:20px 24px}.takeaway-label{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--green);margin:0 0 8px;font-size:10.5px;font-weight:600}.done-btn{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.1em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--green);border:1px solid var(--green);cursor:pointer;background:0 0;border-radius:999px;margin-top:14px;padding:8px 16px;font-size:11px}.done-btn.is-done{background:var(--green);color:var(--paper)}.pager{border-top:1px solid var(--line);max-width:var(--measure);justify-content:space-between;gap:20px;margin-top:56px;padding-top:24px;display:flex}.pager a{color:var(--ink);font-family:var(--display);max-width:45%;font-size:17px;text-decoration:none}.pager-next{text-align:right}.pager span{font-family:var(--mono);letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--muted);margin-bottom:4px;font-size:10px;display:block}@media (width<=900px){.layout{grid-template-columns:1fr}.toc{border-right:none;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line);height:auto;padding:22px 20px;position:static}.toc-menu{display:block}.toc nav{display:none}.toc.open nav{display:block}.lesson{--lesson-gutter:20px;padding:32px var(--lesson-gutter) 90px}}.course-footer{border-top:1px solid var(--line-2);color:var(--muted);flex-direction:column;align-items:center;gap:1rem;padding:2rem 1.25rem 2.75rem;font-size:.82rem;display:flex}.course-footer-notes{flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:center;gap:.35rem 1.25rem;margin:0;display:flex}.course-footer-cta{text-align:center;max-width:34rem;color:var(--ink);margin:0;font-size:.95rem}.course-footer-cta span{margin-right:.4rem}.course-footer a{color:inherit;text-decoration-color:var(--line-2)}.course-footer-cta a{color:var(--ink);text-underline-offset:.2em;text-decoration-color:currentColor}.course-footer a:hover{color:var(--ink)}
